Po\u010d\u00e1tky sokolnictv\u00ed lze vysledovat v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ed 4 000 lety. U\u017e tehdy za\u010dali obyvatel\u00e9 st\u0159edoasijsk\u00fdch step\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravy ocho\u010den\u00e9 drav\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed dolet\u011bli mnohem d\u00e1le ne\u017e \u0161\u00edp \u010di o\u0161t\u011bp a v otev\u0159en\u00e9 krajin\u011b, kter\u00e1 neposkytovala moc p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k \u00fakrytu, se p\u0159i lovu stali neoceniteln\u00fdmi pomocn\u00edky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 doklady o sokolnictv\u00ed se zachovaly v Indii na n\u00e1hrobc\u00edch z poloviny druh\u00e9ho tis\u00edcilet\u00ed, tedy z doby, kdy podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch teori\u00ed do severn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti t\u00e9to zem\u011b za\u010dali p\u0159es horsk\u00e9 pr\u016fsmyky pronikat \u00c1rijci p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 p\u016fvodn\u00ed domoviny v rusk\u00fdch a kaza\u0161sk\u00fdch step\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Obdob\u00ed antiky tomuto zp\u016fsobu lovu z\u0159ejm\u011b tolik nep\u0159\u00e1lo, alespo\u0148 o tom nem\u00e1me \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 podrobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed doklady, pouze zm\u00ednku o tom, \u017ee Odysseus se ze sv\u00e9ho mnohalet\u00e9ho putov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ivezl dom\u016f n\u011bkolik sokol\u016f. Tito pt\u00e1ci byli nicm\u00e9n\u011b velmi uct\u00edv\u00e1ni ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m Egypt\u011b. Neslou\u017eili tu k lovu, ale pro sv\u00e9 vlastnosti, tedy state\u010dnost, rychlost a schopnost zmocnit se vyhl\u00e9dnut\u00e9 ko\u0159isti, byli pova\u017eov\u00e1ni za bo\u017esk\u00e9 tvory. Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee \u201esokol\u00ed podobu\u201c na sebe vzal tak\u00e9 b\u016fh Horus, dle egyptsk\u00e9 mytologie v\u00edt\u011bz nad bohem Sethem, sjednotitel Horn\u00ed a Doln\u00ed zem\u011b a prvn\u00ed egyptsk\u00fd faraon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b se sokolnictv\u00ed objevilo a\u017e v dob\u011b tzv. st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b po vp\u00e1du Hun\u016f do Evropy ve 4. a 5. stolet\u00ed. Zhruba o dv\u011b stolet\u00ed pozd\u011bji se cvi\u010den\u00ed drav\u00ed pt\u00e1ci za\u010dali objevovat na dvorech vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u0161lechty a panovn\u00edk\u016f, kde u\u017e neslou\u017eili k z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed potravy, ale coby obl\u00edben\u00e1 sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch kratochv\u00edl\u00ed a tak\u00e9 jako ur\u010dit\u00fd odznak presti\u017ee. Velk\u00fd rozkv\u011bt za\u017eilo v dob\u011b panov\u00e1n\u00ed Karla Velik\u00e9ho, jen\u017e kolem roku 800 vydal jeden z prvn\u00edch zn\u00e1m\u00fdch sokolnick\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f. Byly v n\u011bm stanoveny tresty za usmrcen\u00ed \u010di kr\u00e1de\u017e cvi\u010den\u00fdch sokol\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se postupn\u011b stali velmi cen\u011bn\u00fdm zbo\u017e\u00edm. Jejich darov\u00e1n\u00edm byla vy\u0159e\u0161ena nejedna politick\u00e1 krize \u010di v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd konflikt. Lov s ocho\u010den\u00fdmi dravci m\u011bli v oblib\u011b i c\u00edrkevn\u00ed hodnost\u00e1\u0159i, jim\u017e sice byla tato kratochv\u00edle opakovan\u011b zakazov\u00e1na na c\u00edrkevn\u00edch sn\u011bmech, ale kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto sv\u00e9 v\u00e1\u0161ni nedok\u00e1zali odolat a v\u011bnovali se j\u00ed alespo\u0148 tajn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho rozmachu se sokolnictv\u00ed v evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00edch do\u010dkalo ve 13. a 14. stolet\u00ed, kdy pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 znalosti p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli ryt\u00ed\u0159i navracej\u00edc\u00ed se z k\u0159i\u017e\u00e1ck\u00fdch v\u00e1lek. Drav\u00ed pt\u00e1ci se za\u010dali chovat p\u0159i panovnick\u00fdch dvorech ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu a pe\u010dovala o n\u011b sokolnick\u00e1 dru\u017eina, jej\u00ed\u017e \u010dlenov\u00e9 byli obda\u0159eni r\u016fzn\u00fdmi v\u00fdsadami. \u0160lechtici se sv\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch mil\u00e1\u010dk\u016f cenili natolik, \u017ee je brali do sv\u00fdch domov\u016f, na cesty, do v\u00e1lek a dokonce i na m\u0161e do kostel\u016f. Z na\u0161ich vlada\u0159\u016f pat\u0159il k v\u00e1\u0161niv\u00fdm sokoln\u00edk\u016fm kr\u00e1l P\u0159emysl Otakar II., jen\u017e s oblibou lovil na Pod\u011bbradsku a nechal zde zalo\u017eit osadu ur\u010denou k pobytu kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fdch sokoln\u00edk\u016f, dne\u0161n\u00ed obec Sokole\u010d. Lov s cvi\u010den\u00fdmi dravci m\u011bl v oblib\u011b tak\u00e9 c\u00edsa\u0159 Fridrich II., jen\u017e dokonce sepsal spis O p\u0159irozenosti pt\u00e1k\u016f a o um\u011bn\u00ed lovu s pt\u00e1ky, vlastn\u011b jednu z prvn\u00ed knih s ornitologick\u00fdm a sokolnick\u00fdm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b. Ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle uvedl: <\/p>\n\n\n\n
\n\u201eSokolnictv\u00ed by m\u011blo b\u00fdt pov\u00fd\u0161eno na um\u011bn\u00ed, proto\u017ee je to jedin\u00fd odu\u0161evn\u011bl\u00fd zp\u016fsob lovu, kter\u00fd svou povahou pat\u0159\u00ed ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu um\u011bn\u00ed. Lid\u00e9 mohou \u010dty\u0159noh\u00e9ho tvora ovl\u00e1dat n\u00e1sil\u00edm a jin\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky, zato pt\u00e1ka, kter\u00fd krou\u017e\u00ed vysoko ve vzduchu, m\u016f\u017ee zajmout a vycvi\u010dit jen lidsk\u00fd duch. Je to v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho ducha nad nejsvobodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ze zv\u00ed\u0159at, nad dravcem, kter\u00fd se po vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na p\u011bst vr\u00e1t\u00ed i kdy\u017e to odporuje jeho p\u0159irozenosti, ne proto, \u017ee by pohrdal svobodou, kter\u00e1 mu byla zd\u00e1nliv\u011b darov\u00e1na, ale proto, \u017ee se vr\u00e1tit mus\u00ed, p\u0159inucen g\u00e9niem \u010dlov\u011bka, kter\u00fd ho dr\u017e\u00ed neviditeln\u00fdm poutem\u201c.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Sl\u00e1va tohoto zp\u016fsobu lovu za\u010dala rychle pohas\u00ednat s rozvojem paln\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a s rostouc\u00ed oblibou parforsn\u00edch hon\u016f. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed sokolnictv\u00ed v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 18. stolet\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 zaniklo a ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e se udr\u017eelo jen v Anglii lp\u00edc\u00ed na sv\u00fdch tradic\u00edch. Jeden z prvn\u00edch pokus\u016f o jeho vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed pak prob\u011bhl v Holandsku, kde byl roku 1840 zalo\u017een Kr\u00e1lovsk\u00fd loveck\u00fd klub, ale na skute\u010dn\u00e9 obnoven\u00ed si muselo po\u010dkat a\u017e do 20. stolet\u00ed. Roku 1923 byl v Lipsku ustanoven Svaz n\u011bmeck\u00fdch sokoln\u00edk\u016f a v druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b stolet\u00ed pak podobn\u00e9 organizace vznikaly po cel\u00e9m kontinentu i v z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed. U n\u00e1s byl v tomto sm\u011bru pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem hrab\u011b Bed\u0159ich Mensdorff-Pouilly z Chot\u011blic u Nov\u00e9ho Byd\u017eova, jen\u017e se sokolnictv\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161niv\u011b v\u011bnoval a p\u0159isp\u00edval k jeho popularizaci odborn\u00fdmi \u010dl\u00e1nky v \u010dasopisu Str\u00e1\u017e myslivosti. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Po\u010d\u00e1tky sokolnictv\u00ed lze vysledovat v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch lidstva nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ed 4 000 lety. U\u017e tehdy za\u010dali obyvatel\u00e9 st\u0159edoasijsk\u00fdch step\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edvat k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed potravy ocho\u010den\u00e9 drav\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed dolet\u011bli mnohem d\u00e1le ne\u017e \u0161\u00edp \u010di o\u0161t\u011bp a v otev\u0159en\u00e9 krajin\u011b, kter\u00e1 neposkytovala moc p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed k \u00fakrytu, se p\u0159i lovu stali neoceniteln\u00fdmi pomocn\u00edky. Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 doklady o sokolnictv\u00ed se zachovaly […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4042,"parent":4028,"menu_order":1,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template_parts\/page-history.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4040","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4040","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4040"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4040\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4041,"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4040\/revisions\/4041"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4028"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4042"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.falconia.cz\/de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4040"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}